The most common cause of Gingivitis is a bacterial build-up in between teeth and gum that initiates an immune response that can destroy teeth and gum. The bacteria build-up may also cause tooth loss and cavity in the tooth. Plaque is a layer that build-up due to the colonization of bacteria that sticks to the smooth surface of the tooth. The natural accumulation of bacteria in teeth can help in protecting the mouth from harmful microorganisms, but it can result in tooth decay and other chronic gum infections. If the plaque is not removed properly, then it can form calculus or tartar at the tooth gum junction. The tartar can be removed with an expert professional. Both tartar and plaque can cause gum irritation and inflammation around the teeth root or base.

There are many other causes that can result in the formation of Gingivitis:

• Changes in hormonal levels caused due to puberty, menopause or pregnancy can result in sensitive and swollen gum.
• Serious physical conditions like diabetes or HIV can cause Gingivitis.
• Few oral medications or anticonvulsant and anti-angina can also result in abnormal growth of the gum tissues.
• Smoking can also result in the accumulation of bacteria over the smooth layer of the teeth.
• Other causes of Gingivitis are aging, poor diet, deficiency of vitamin C and family history.

A dental plaque or a sticky substance on the teeth can cause Gingivitis. Some of the symptoms are:

• Swelling, redness, pain, and gums bleeding 
• Receding gum can advance into periodontal disease.
• Loose teeth or tooth loss with gum inflammation is a sign of Gingivitis and periodontal disease.
• Halitosis (bad breath)

Here are some steps which can help in the treatment of Gingivitis:

• Brushing twice a day can help remove the bacterial plaque from your teeth.
• Use an anti-plaque toothpaste containing fluoride to make your teeth strong and prevent the damage from bacteria, which builds up on teeth throughout the day.
• After brushing, rinse your mouth with an antibacterial mouthwash to prevent plaque and bad breath.
• Floss every day to remove food particles and plaque between teeth.
• There are chances that your gums may continue to bleed for a period of time; make sure you keep brushing and flossing. Removing plaque is essential to improve gum health.
• Visit your dental professional regularly for a checkup to discuss any concerns or queries you may have.